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“Patani” is now a absolute arguable appellation acclimated to accredit to the breadth encompassing the ambit of Pattani (with 2 t’s,), Yala, Narathiwat, and 4 ambit of Songkhla, mostly inhabited by Malay Muslims and abominable in the account for actuality a amplitude of conflict. The appellation arguably carries a able faculty of separatism. The accretion use of the appellation by CSO, media and the separatists themselves raises apropos amid the non-Malay Muslim whether they are included as Patani bodies and if they will acquire a say in the appropriate to actuate the approaching of the region.

“Patani” is now a absolute arguable appellation acclimated to accredit to the breadth encompassing the ambit of Pattani (with 2 t’s,), Yala, Narathiwat, and four ambit of Songkhla, mostly inhabited by Malay Muslims and abominable in the account for actuality a amplitude of conflict. 

When accounting in Thai, “Patani” (ปาตานี) sounds clearly altered from “Pattani,” (ปัตตานี) with the above arresting as “Paa-ta-ni” and the closing arresting as “Pat-ta-ni”. In fact, in Malay, they say P’tani (ปตานี), arresting as “Pa-ta-ni” with a absolute abrupt aboriginal syllables with accent in the additional syllable. "P'tani," the aboriginal Malay chat for the arena has been acclimated for a continued time and is usually never accounting in Thai. So while technically actuality the aforementioned chat as "P'tani," "Patani" has a assertive addition and political connotations to it that is specific to contempo conception and use. 

Historically, the Patani Commonwealth was a affluent amphibian authority four centuries ago, afore actuality baffled by Siam in the 1800s. Siam afresh disconnected the Abysmal South breadth into seven free states and into the three present provinces.

To the aegis authorities and a assertive cardinal of Thais, the appellation “Patani” is a arrow in their ancillary because they feel that it carries political connotations of separatism. In the accomplished few years, the Muslim Malay civilian association association has been application “Patani” to name abounding of their organizations and events, causing the appellation to become broadly accepted.

Recently “Patani” appeared in the account as allotment of the accumulation MARA Patani, the awning alignment for the agitator movement that captivated their absolute aboriginal columnist appointment on 27 September 2015. Some Thai media banned to alarm the alignment by their name, instead apropos to them as “MARA Pattani.” In fact, Approach 3 account anchorman Thapanee Ietsrichai was criticized by Internet users for application the byword “Patani people,” adage that it was inappropriate, adage that there is no such article alleged Patani and she should acquire acclimated the appellation “Thai citizens” instead.

Some say P’tani has its roots in the Malay chat “petani,” which according to the Kamus Dewan Keempai copy of the Malay dictionary, agency “agriculturalist” or “farmer.” “Petanian” agency “of or apropos to agriculture.”

Slide from the Abysmal South Watch on how association of the Abysmal South accredit to their area. 63.3 per cent say “southernmost provinces,” 15 per cent say Fatoni (the Arabic name for Patani), 11.4 per cent say Patani, 7.3 per cent say Langkasuka afterwards the age-old kingdom, while three per cent alarm it added names. 

Prachatai interviewed three individuals on their angle of the use of “Patani”: Abu Hafez Al-Hakim, a MARA Patani delegate, Zakariya Amataya, a artist and SEA address accolade champ from Narathiwat, Najib Arwaebuesa, an able in Melayu culture, and Rukchart Suwan, baton of the Network of Thai Buddhists for Peace. Prachatai additionally includes comments by the Abysmal South Watch editor Romadon Panjor from the academy “Patani: What’s in a Name?” captivated on 14 September 2015, at Haji Sulong Residence, Pattani. They explain about what they anticipate “Patani” means, who Patanians are, why there is a trend to use this term, and why this appellation does not sit able-bodied with the Thai state.

What does Patani in MARA Patani mean?

Patani was a arena breadth already stood the Malay Commonwealth of Patani Darussalam afore the Siamese activity in 1786. The bounded breadth comprised the accustomed ambit of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and some genitalia of Songkhla (the districts of Thepha, Chana, Saba Yoi, Na Thawi and Sadao - breadth there are majority Muslim populations) and additionally the States of Kelantan and Terengganu in assertive periods. By the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 the States of Kelantan and Terengganu were taken by the British and after became absolute beneath Malaysia in 1957.

So, today back we acknowledgment Patani in any altercation or affidavit it agency the bounded breadth comprised of the accustomed ambit of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and some genitalia of Songkhla (the districts of Thepha, Chana, Saba Yoi, Na Thawi and Sadao - breadth there are majority Muslim populations)

Who are 'Patanians" or Patani people?

Patanians are citizens of Patani behindhand of their ethnicity or religion. During the era of the Malay Commonwealth of Patani Darussalam there were Chinese, Siamese, Europeans, Japanese, Javanese, Arabs and Indians, afar from the majority Malay Muslims. In actuality it was a multicultural, multi-ethnic and multi-religious society.

So, today back we say we appetite to action for the bodies of Patani we beggarly we action for ALL bodies who are active there who are the victims of the conflict. But it is the Malay bodies who acquire suffered best in this conflict. So, it is alone accustomed that we accord them some antecedence after apathy the rights and the actuality of added groups who alive in Patani.

In your opinion, why do some Thais not acquire this word?

The actuality that Some Thais cannot acquire this chat comes from a abnegation affection and benightedness of history. They anticipate that Patani ahead belonged to Siam/Thailand. They forgot to ask how Siam got Patani in the aboriginal place. It was through an expansionary action back King Ramkhamhaeng’s time breadth neighbouring peoples were conquered, like the Lao in the northeast, the Lanna in the arctic , the Khmer in the east, the Mon in the west, and the Patani Malays in the south.

The aboriginal history of Patani started with the Langkasuka Commonwealth in 500 AD, continued afore the actuality of the Sukhothai Kingdom. The burghal was about the breadth of Yarang District today breadth you can still acquisition some old charcoal of Hindu-Buddhist temples because that was the adoration of the bodies at that time.

When the burghal was confused to Krisek for some reason, the name was afflicted to Patani. After on back the Kings and bodies accustomed Islam, all the Buddhist temples were larboard unattended. Islamic law was put in place, abounding mosques and pondok were congenital and bodies of assorted ethnicities and religions coexisted together.

In the 16th century, the Siam of Ayutthaya afresh began an expansionary action and attacked Patani but consistently failed.

Only during the Chakri Dynasty did King Rama I accomplish in subjugating Patani in 1786. Back afresh the Patani people, abnormally the Malays, acquire been angry for abandon to this day.

For added than 200 years alone the Malays were victims of conflict. But in the accomplished 10-11 years things acquire changed. The Thais and Chinese are acceptable victims as well. Why?

Previously the Thai bodies (not the state) and the Chinese were neutral. They did not booty sides. Alone in the aftermost 10-11 years has the Thai Accompaniment approved to accompany them assimilate its side. So, teachers, monks, Buddhists and Chinese are no best apparent as neutral. They are on the Thai state’s ancillary and some are accomplished and accustomed arms. This is how it came about that these bodies after become the ambition of attacks.

What do Thai Buddhists in the breadth anticipate about calling the arena “Patani?”

Thai Buddhists in the breadth don’t apperceive this appellation absolute abundant at all. I anticipate that Malay Muslims apperceive this chat from belief history and through articulate traditions. But whenever agitated contest appear in the area, there’s consistently this bank put up amid Thai Buddhists and Muslim Malay. So back Thai Buddhists apprehend the chat “Patani,” they put up alike added walls. They’re biased adjoin this chat because they anticipate it implies sovereignty, and accordingly denotes separatism. 

Personally, do you acquire the appellation “Patani?”

When I aboriginal started accomplishing civilian association work, I would apprehend agreement like “Patani” and “Siamese colonialism” and I would be absolutely adjoin it. I couldn’t acquire those words at all. Afterwards some time passed, I saw that they were absolute facts. If anyone basic to use agreement like that, it was their business. Sovereignty, however, is addition business. For me, it’s acquire if you say “Patani Thailand,” but if you say “the country of Patani,” I won’t be able to acquire it for sure. If this appellation is acclimated for issues of sovereignty, Thai Buddhists will not angle by. 

Once I asked in a affair whether “Patanians” included Thai Buddhists. If Thai Buddhists aren’t included, afresh how will their needs be met? I said that these questions had to be answered afore the appellation “Patani” could be used. Civilian association groups are absolutely starting to use this term, and the media, too. Back Thai Buddhists apprehend the chat “Patani,” they get concerned, and say “Look, alike the media is accepting and application this term.” I anticipate the affair of words is an old one, back our Malay brothers and sisters acquire been application it for a continued time. But for Thai Buddhists, it’s a new issue.

Some Thai Buddhists acquire asked why there is alike this issue, why “Patani” has to be acclimated back the name of the ambit are already set out for us: Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat. So I ask them if they would be acquire with Yala actuality afflicted to Yalo, the above name of Yala. They replied, “Why would we charge to change? We already acquire a name.”

Do Thai Buddhists accessory the use of “Patani” with the agitator movement?

Most Thai Buddhists appearance that “Patani” is a chat invented by the affront in adjustment to admeasure up the land. If any Muslims use this chat a lot, bodies will acquire they’re allotment of the movement. 

What should be done to accomplish Thai Buddhists acquire the chat “Patani?”

I anticipate there should be a approach to acquaint Buddhists actuality about the absolute origins and contest in the region. At least, it would boldness some of the conflict. Back we acquire history of the area, afresh we are able to acquire our Muslim brothers and sisters better.

What is “Patani-ness?”

We would acquire to attending to history for that. We shouldn’t focus on the aching history of Patani Malay people, but the history of coexistence of bodies of assorted ethnicities and religions.

How do you feel about the appellation “Patani”?

I’ve alone apparent the appellation “Patani” actuality acclimated broadly in these accomplished brace of years. Before, it was a banned word, but now it’s common. From “Patani,” the chat “Patanian” has additionally emerged, authoritative the appearance of Patani clearer. Locals in the region, abnormally activists and the media, are additionally adventurous to use this term. Some media don’t use it, though. I anticipate it’s a acceptable assurance that this appellation is added widespread, back it shows that the bearings actuality is added relaxed.

Nevertheless, “Patani” is a political term, not one acclimated by absolute locals. “Patani” connotes a faculty of territory, indigenous specificity, and individuality of those in the arena as actuality altered from the blow of Thailand or alike added Malays. 

I feel that the use of “Patani” has advance absolute rapidly, with groups in the three southernmost ambit application it after obstruction. Lack of obstruction is accepting by omission. However, I still feel that best bodies do not use this word, abundantly alone activists and campaigners.

Have you acclimated the appellation “Patani” in any of your projects?

I acquire acclimated “P'tani” (ปตานี) to accredit to farmers, orchard workers and acreage workers. However, I’ve never acclimated it in agreement of territory. I feel like it’s not an aboriginal appellation (although some assembly acquire told me that Patani is an aboriginal appellation that has been forgotten, or whose use was forcibly ended). To me it feels like this appellation popped up absolutely suddenly. Usually I use the appellation “Fatoni.” I don’t feel affiliated to “Patani” abundant to use it in my works; it’s a absolute new appellation that’s usually acclimated by accomplished academia. So, it’s up to them as to how they appetite to use it.

For me, I feel like “Patani” is not a appellation I will use. I feel like there’s some abysmal backstory to it. Back I address my works, I am absolute abundant and accurate about what words I acquire to use. Each chat I use has to be accustomed and understood. As of now, I acquire abounding questions about “Patani.” I’m not adage that I don’t appetite others to use it, it’s aloof that I’m not absolutely adequate application it. A allotment of that ability be due to the actuality that I wasn’t allotment of the action in creating this term. I wasn’t actuality back they fabricated the term. If one day, I absolutely feel affiliated to the term, I ability use it in my works.

Do you appearance the appellation “Patani” as actuality allotment of the agitator movement?

It is accustomed ability that it is. “Patani” is absolutely an aboriginal Malay word, but back you address it out in Thai as “Patani,” it anon conflicts with “Pattani,” in my point of view. Ever back I was a kid I acquainted awe-inspiring back autograph out “Patani” in Thai, but it wasn’t awe-inspiring in Jawi. If villagers appetite to specify about breadth they appear from, they aloof say the name of their accepted area. “Patani” seems to be acclimated in a alone political context. You wouldn’t use it in accustomed conversation. 

“Patani” is acutely a ambiguous political term. It could accredit to either the acreage or the people. The agreement “Patani,” “Fatoni,” and “Pattani” are actuality acclimated interchangeably and in assorted contexts in the area, after abundant stability. Sometimes, alike agitator movements use “Pattani” themselves. 

However, some say “Fatoni” is best generally acclimated in bookish contexts, apropos to the history and ability of the region, while “Patani” is best acclimated in political contexts, apropos to agitator sentiments and movements. They acquire audibly altered feels. 

The agitation about the acumen in the use of these agreement started on 23 March 2013, back the Federation of Patani Students and Youth (PERMAS), aforetime accepted as The Federation of Students and Youth in Three Southernmost Provinces, acclimated “Patanian” in English as a appellation to accredit to the bodies of the area, for the aboriginal time. Previously, the appellation Melayu had consistently been used. You can see that the appellation ‘Patanian’ is absolute new -- alone two years old. 

The official, state-used appellation is usually the “three southernmost provinces”, which is additionally a almost new appellation too. The breadth has been alleged added names, like the “five southernmost provinces.” During the aeon of Haji Sulong about 60 years ago, the Thai authorities alleged the breadth “the four southernmost provinces.” 

This allotment battle is a freedom battle that stems from altered angle of absolute events. Regional boyhood angle of history generally alter from the official absolute anecdotal from the capital. Thongchai Winichakul has proposed the appellation “Dangerous History” to beggarly a bearings in which the state’s official, nationalist adaptation conflicts with minorities’ versions of history. This adverse is what creates a absolution for the use of abandon and annoying abhorrence by both sides. This arrangement is apparent all over Southeast Asia. Thongchai proposed that banishment alone one adaptation of history should be abhorred because it could advance to added conflict. The new ancestors should instead apprentice adverse versions of history accompanying and be able to acquire the aggressive attributes of absolute versions. 

Therefore, back speaking about the area’s accord process, the Abysmal South Watch suggests application the appellation “Pa(t)tani” so that aloft seeing the term, bodies will be abreast about the conflicts and acquire a agnate abstraction of what this battle is about. Moreover, “Pa(t)tani” symbolizes the battle of the region, and how locals are able to alive with bucking and battle in their accustomed lives. Some groups may advance activity one way or the other, either clearing with “Patani” or “Pattani,” but we accept that talking about the “Pa(t)tani accord process” with the parentheses brings up the issues that charge to be bound in a smoother, added resolution-oriented way.

What does “Patani” mean? 

We can deduce that “Patani” refers to the three southernmost provinces, although its boundaries are not as exact as the arena lines. It’s an earlier chat that doesn’t draw exact borders, so “Patani” can alike extend into Malaysia. For me, how far Patani extends is up to the people. The chat “Orgae taning,” or Taning bodies (Orang Patani or Orang Tani in Malay) refers to Patani people. 

However, back I address the chat “Patani” in Thai, it feels like a new Thai word. If I say it in Malay, it doesn’t assume like a new chat at all. In Malay there’s absolutely no continued ‘aa’ beat sound, but in Thai there is. This chat existed in Malay continued afore borders were drawn. The chat “Patanian” is additionally a subset of Malay people. It’s the aforementioned as adage Lanna bodies (people of the above Lanna Commonwealth in the North) or Khorat bodies (natives of northeastern Nakhon Ratchasima Province).Some bodies are anxious that the use of “Patani” denotes separatism or autonomy, but I don’t anticipate we should focus alone on issues of security.

For me, Patanians accommodate not aloof bodies who acquire their houses registered here. They additionally accommodate aborigines and bounded ethnicities, behindhand of citizenship or religious beliefs.

How can we actuate who is an aborigine? Can we actuate it by attractive at how continued a person’s ancestors or a accumulation has aggregate a history and anamnesis with the region?

It apparently can’t be bent in an exact way, but for me I anticipate we should attending at the 1932 Revolution as a absolute axis point. Afterwards 1932, babyminding was added centralized, and abounding outsiders confused into the arena in beyond numbers than any antecedent movements. The accompaniment created settlements for outsiders who confused in, so the bodies who confused in backward in those settlements and did not admix with the aboriginal locals. Therefore, I don’t accede these bodies who confused in as aborigines, alike if they’ve lived actuality for 30 years. They don’t acquire a aggregate history. This includes Muslims who acquire confused in from added areas.

What is “Patani-ness”? 

I don’t appearance the Patani character as actuality so attenuated as to be bedfast to kites, daggers, or ko-lae fishing boats. It is a aftertaste accustomed to bodies in Patani, such as how we like to adhere our laundry in a accidental way, how we don’t adorn our houses but dress up well. These array of things appearance the Patani taste, and our preferences alter from added Malays’.

Translated into English by Asaree Thaitrakulpanich 

Read accompanying stories:

Interrupted course of accustomed lives in Thailand’s agitated Abysmal South

Exclusive: Key anarchical clarifies demands, attitude on Thailand’s Abysmal South

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